When glucose availability is limited or neuronal activity is heightened, astrocytes enhance metabolic plasticity by upregulating genes for alternative energy pathways or utilizing lactate and fatty acids as energy substrates 69
A new study from Stanford Medicine has created a lot of excitement in the medical world because it shows a possible way to regrow cartilage by blocking a single enzyme
Lei et al., 2025)
Similar content being viewed by others Subjects Introduction Many cells respond to injury by secreting proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-), interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and CC motif chemokine ligand 2 (Ccl2) 1,2,3,4,5,6
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