Unless indicated otherwise, cystine-free medium was prepared by supplementing cystine-, methionine- and glutamine-free DMEM (Gibco, CA, USA) with 100 M methionine, 4 mM glutamine, 1 mM sodium pyruvate, 0.2% bovine serum albumin (BSA), 100 U/ml penicillin and 100 g/ml streptomycin
173 At the molecular level, gene modulation techniques, including siRNA- and shRNA-mediated silencing of efflux transporter genes (e.g., ABCB1, ABCG2), as well as CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing, have successfully resensitized tumor cells to chemotherapy in preclinical models
Determinations Blood samples were drawn from patients before and at the end of each cycle
Third, it is necessary to set different l-carnitine dose groups and observe more indicators to evaluate the mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism
The pre-measured 3 mL research pen is filled and sealed under controlled conditions