Obviously, the $$$ grubbing business weasels who sell pharmaceuticals would prefer you throw them out and fork-over for "new ones"
A consistent model goes with ligation leading to vessel injury, exposure of tissue factors, stasis, thrombosis, hemodynamic changes, arterial hypotension, and in particular, venous hypertension, which approximates values over 20 mm Hg in the inferior caval vein, thereby being roughly four times higher than those in normal rats
What Happens When a B12 Shot Is Administered Incorrectly
(2008) Biomaterials Study examining AOD 9604 effects on vascular endothelial growth factor production and neovascularization in engineered cartilage
Subcutaneous Administration Guidelines Subcutaneous injections put Vitamin B12 into the fat just under the skin