But sometimes the cause is simpler and more treatable than we realise
Native, unmodified peptides are typically cleaved rapidly by serum dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), neutral endopeptidase, and aminopeptidases
As of 2026, neither compound has FDA approval, limiting prescribing to research contexts or off-label use by physicians specializing in obesity medicine or endocrinology
Most people can get enough vitamin B12 in foods they eat already, such as fish, meat poultry, eggs, dairy products, and foods that are fortified with B12 (like some breakfast cereals)
Drug Interactions Because these peptides influence vascular, inflammatory, and neurological pathways, interactions with anticoagulants, NSAIDs, immunosuppressants, psychiatric medications, and other pharmaceutical agents are possible but largely unexplored