Nutritional value per 100 ml of the drink: L-carnitine: 180 mg (60%) Vitamin B1: 0.11 mg (7.9%) Taurine: 100 mg (25%) Vitamin B3: 0.8 mg (4.5%) Magnesium: 5 mg (1.3%) Vitamin B5: 0.28 mg (4.7%) Vitamin C: 2.95 mg (4.9%) Vitamin B6: 0.12 mg (6%) Biotin (Vitamin H): 5 g (10%) Vitamin B9: 9 g (4.5%) Vitamin B12: 0.1 g (5%) Nutritional value per 100 g: 2 kcal Caffeine content: no more than 25 mg per 100 ml of the drink
Topiramate can cause metabolic acidosis which, when occurring during pregnancy, has been associated with decreased fetal growth, decreased fetal oxygenation, fetal death, and may impact the ability of the fetus to tolerate labor
Residence time = 1/ k off
dose adjustment, temporary pause, or switching to a different compound may be appropriate
Most relevant to the GLP-1 conversation, a 2021 study in Nature Microbiology identified a protein secreted by Akkermansia, called P9, that stimulates GLP-1 release from intestinal L-cells by binding a receptor called ICAM-2 (Yoon et al., 2021)