L-carnitine is a naturally occurring compound derived from amino acids lysine and methionine that aids in energy production
Potential muscle-related benefits: Increased appetite (helpful in calorie-surplus phases) Elevated growth hormone Possible preservation of lean mass In a two-year randomized, placebo-controlled trial of the oral ghrelin mimetic MK-677 in older adults, daily dosing significantly increased pulsatile growth hormone and IGF-1 levels to those of younger adults and increased fat-free mass versus placebo, suggesting enhanced protein-accruing pathways that could help preserve lean body mass
Golub lS, Manubolu VS, Aldana-Bitar J, Dahal S, Verghese D, Alalawi L, Krishnan S, Kianoush S, Benzing T, Ichikawa K, Kinninger A, Fazlalizadeh H, Pourafkari L, Ahmad K, Susarla S, Mangaoang C, Ghanem AK, Javier DA, Hamal S, Roy SK, Matthew Budoff J
GLP-1 receptor agonists medications such as tirzepatide, semaglutide, more commonly referred to by brand names Ozempic and Mounjaro mimic this naturally occurring hormone and have gained popularity due to their success in treating diabetes and obesity
Insulin resistance in the brain is linked to cognitive decline and dementia