May influence aspects of immune function through antioxidant and stress-response pathways
This is both good news (no withdrawal concerns) and a reflection of the modest magnitude of effects compared to prescription therapies
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) is a G protein-coupled receptor widely expressed on the surface of a wide range of cells in the human body, including pancreatic islet , and cells, as well as multiple tissues such as the intestines, stomach, lungs, heart, kidneys, and central nervous system
However, despite these efforts, some studies still exhibited unexplained heterogeneity, introducing a potential source of bias into our findings
The authors concluded that treatment with a single dose of sitagliptin, in patients already treated with the GLP-1RA liraglutide, resulted in elevations in intact GLP-1 and GIP plasma concentrations after a mixed meal test, but without changes in insulin, C-peptide, glucagon and glucose concentrations