4.3.2 Methodological limitations and clinical strategies Existing studies generally treat pregnancy-related outcomes as secondary or exploratory endpoints and seldom report analyses stratified by weight-loss achievement, insulin-resistance improvement, or washout structure (111, 112, 124)
GHK-Cu directly acts on human dermal fibroblasts, promoting the synthesis of these two core structural proteins of the skin, thereby tightening the skin, reducing the formation of fine lines and wrinkles, and maintaining a firm and youthful skin state
Safety and timing: We outline practical preconception considerations (treatment duration, washout planning, and transition strategies) and prioritize evidence gaps for future trials
If pigmentation is the primary concern, lasers, IPL, or chemical peels usually form the foundation
Protects cellular DNA, reduces inflammation, and promotes healthy ageing at the cellular level, improving vitality and longevity