Contributing factors include: A diet high in sugar and processed fats[1] Exposure to environmental toxins like air pollution, pesticides and heavy metals[2] Cigarette smoke[3] and alcohol use[4] Infections and chronic inflammation[5] Intense or prolonged physical exertion[6] Psychological stress[7] Biochemically, oxidative stress is marked by an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants, disrupting cellular signaling, promoting inflammation and weakening mitochondrial function.[8] Over time, this imbalance can lead to cumulative molecular damage, a foundational factor in aging and disease progression
Recent decades have witnessed a tremendous increase in the number of studies investigating the possible application of nanotherapeutics, especially in the field of cancer [443]
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MeCP2 deficiency in the brain decreases BDNF levels by REST/CoREST-mediated repression and increases TRKB production
When damaged mitochondria exceed the capacity of mitophagy and fusion mechanisms, cells ultimately succumb to apoptosis or necrosis under the dual assault of energy failure and persistent inflammation