Metabolic issues: Feeling constantly cold, chills, or a low body temperature (signs of metabolic acidosis) Severe gastrointestinal changes: Persistent diarrhea, vomiting, or a total loss of appetite Systemic changes: Unexplained tiredness, a fever or other signs of infection, unusual bleeding, bruising, or long-term concerns like osteoporosis In general, higher doses of topiramate are associated with an increased risk of adverse reactions
Specifically, GLP-1RAs boost fatty acid oxidation, facilitate glucose uptake and utilization, enhance mitochondrial function, and increase ketone body utilization
Sensing intra- and extracellular Ca2+ in the islet of Langerhans
The mechanism relies on stimulating the hypothalamus and reducing hunger signals rather than mimicking hormonal pathways
Epub 2008 Nov 18