Metabolic Effects of DPP-4 Related to Its Enzymatic Activity Despite DPP-4 having a relatively restricted substrate preference (Figure 1), a large number of peptides, proteins, and chemokines still fulfill the criteria and could be predicted to be suitable substrates, and indeed, many have been shown to be cleaved by DPP-4 in pharmacological kinetic, in vitro or animal studies, often using high substrate concentrations (1, 4, 3638)
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If you eat a diet rich in foods like asparagus, avocado, and spinach, you may already have enough dietary glutathione to supplement your body's natural production