While ruminants can synthesize B 12 via gut bacteria if soil cobalt levels are adequate, monogastric animals like swine and poultry require direct supplementation through fortified feed to maintain health and growth rates in intensive farming environments
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Despite that, in one study of rats and ligaments, good effects were observed when it was provided orally (1)
In the cohorts studied, the large majority of raised results were explained by supplementation, by liver disease, or by nothing identifiable at all