GLP-1Rs are widely expressed in the whole body including the kidney [1, 10,11,12,13,14,15] and GLP-1 has diuretic and natriuretic effects in humans and animal models of hypertension, diabetes and obesity [10, 12, 13, 16]
Key contraindications: Personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma, multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2, history of pancreatitis, and pregnancy or plans to become pregnant
However, real-world data shows conflicting persistence trends, with one study revealing that 63% of patients persist for at least one year, while another shows that one-third of people stopped taking their GLP-1 in the first month, and less than half stayed on for more than 12 weeks
Another area is maintenance therapy : patients who lose a lot of weight on an injectable might switch to NA-931 pills for long-term maintenance if its safer/easier, much like how oral semaglutide is sometimes used after injectable semaglutide
There is no fixed, validated timeline because the product is unregulated and individual responses differ