Beyond collagen, GHK-Cu boosts elastin production by 30% and increases decorin, a small proteoglycan that regulates collagen organization, by 302% at 1 nanomolar concentration
Aqua, Cocamidopropyl Betaine, Sodium Hyaluronate, Polyglutamic Acid, Lauryl Glucoside, Aloe Vera & Cucumber Extract, Perfume, Phenoxyethanol, and Ethylhexylglycerin
BPC-157 work centres on local angiogenic signalling, with Hsieh and colleagues (J Mol Med, 2017) reporting VEGFR2 upregulation and internalisation in human endothelial cells, and Chang and colleagues (J Appl Physiol, 2011) reporting increased focal adhesion kinase and paxillin phosphorylation in cultured rat tendon fibroblasts
Sterile water was used as a control
That timeline assumes GHK-Cu is being used alongside a physical hair restoration treatment: PRP, exosomes, or microneedling with exosomes