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Parkinsons disease Parkinsons disease (PD) is a long-term neurodegenerative disorder that affects the motor system, characterized primarily by the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the presence of intracellular aggregates of misfolded -synucleine (Lewy bodies) in the surviving neurons 54,55
Poor glycemic control, hypothyroidism, prior gastric or bariatric surgery, and concurrent use of medications that affect gastric motility (such as opioids, anticholinergics, or cannabis) may also amplify risk
Muscles recover
Oral microbiota dysbiosis accelerates the development and onset of mucositis and oral ulcers
Locigno R, Pincemail J, Henno A, Treusch G, Castronovo V
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