Its amino acid sequence and specific modifications are proprietary to Eli Lilly

Environmental thermal stress (TS) triggers oxidative stress (OS) cascade and deteriorates semen quality and fertilizing potential in rams ( via decrement of the mRNA expression of the mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD)-1 with a subsequent decrease in SOD protein synthesis and activity, and more generation of superoxide anion (SOA) and cell apoptosis ( The positive association between arterial blood flow of the testes and its exocrine (sperm) and endocrine (testosterone hormone) functions has been reported in rams ( via its blood flow measurement ( Digital analysis of the testicular tissue B-mode ultrasound image [testicular echotexture (TE)] has become a useful tool for evaluating the male reproductive functions in different animal species ( Decreased testicular blood perfusion in heat-stress conditions was reported in rams ( via fatty acids (long-chain) transport through mitochondrial membranes and subsequent ATP synthesis via the -oxidation process

Sikiric P, Seiwerth S, Rucman R, Kolenc D, Vuletic LB, Drmic D, Grgic T, Strbe S, Zukanovic G, Crvenkovic D, Madzarac G, Rukavina I, Sucic M, Baric M, Starcevic N, Krstonijevic Z, Bencic ML, Filipcic I, Rokotov DS, Vlainic J
TSC2 mediates cellular energy response to control cell growth and survival
M., Charra, B., Jean, G., and Laurent, G