GLP1ra and SGLT2i drugs are increasingly used and have shown cardiovascular benefits in patients with established cardiovascular or renal disease
A century later, in 1776, Matthew Dobson, an English physician in Liverpool, discovered that when the urine of diabetic patients evaporated it left behind a sugar-like substance
Commonly used for managing type 2 diabetes and aiding weight loss in overweight or obese individuals, GLP-1 drugs offer additional benefits like potential cardiovascular protection for diabetic patients
The candidates that exist in 2026 are: clinician judgment (the gold standard, but in short supply), expanded laboratory work (DEXA for body composition, CGM for glycemic patterns, metabolic panels of increasing sophistication), patient-reported priorities (the founder who tells you he cares about muscle is providing useful prior information), and, increasingly, genetics
1 2 "Deficiency in glutamine but not glucose induces MYC-dependent apoptosis in human cells"