We first decipher the molecular regulatory networks governing macrophage polarization, including classical signaling pathways such as TLR/NF-B, STAT family proteins, and PPAR, which direct M1/M2 phenotypic commitment, while also emphasizing the spectrum-like nature of polarization beyond the traditional dichotomy
Key Research Applications Telomere elongation: Epitalon activates telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), enabling DNA telomere elongation in human somatic cells and counteracting the Hayflick limit of replicative senescence
Stress resistance in long-lived mouse models
The most direct human safety study involved only 2 healthy participants, which is far too small to rule out uncommon side effects, long-term risks, injection-related complications, or product-quality concerns
10.1126/science.1084909 Science 134 HuX.WengZ.ChuC