- No manufacturer-published in-use stability past "conservative 14 days refrigerated." - Lyophilized powder quality varies by supplier
Although there is a dearth of bioavailability data for many of the peptide nasal sprays, a study showed that direct intratracheal instillation of a lyophilized powder at high concentrations could achieve reasonable levels of systemic absorption [13]
The current study indicated that EGCG prevented the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis, evidenced by upregulating Bcl-2 while downregulating Bax, caspase 9 and 3, and p53, indicating the antiapoptotic effect of this polyphenol
Practical safety also depends on the basics: sterile reconstitution and injection technique, accurate dose measurement, proper refrigerated storage, and verified product purity
Puerarin improves the bone micro-environment to inhibit OVX-induced osteoporosis via modulating SCFAs released by the gut microbiota and repairing intestinal mucosal integrity