In acid sphingomyelinase knock-out mice, which mimic a neurovisceral acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD) characterized by cellular accumulation of sphingomyelin, the effects of a choline-free diet decreased the activation of liver macrophages and microglia, but it did not significantly alter sphingomyelin levels due to compensatory mechanisms involving methionine metabolism ( 2.2 Lymphocytes The phospholipid remodeling and cholinergic anti-inflammatory system play a well-established role in immune homeostasis and the regulation of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases
Rayyan software ( 2.4 Study selection, eligibility criteria, and data extraction Reviewers underwent training at each step of the process, and a pilot screening was conducted to ensure consistency in applying the eligibility criteria
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Type 2 diabetes : generally, those with type 2 diabetes have fewer restrictions , particularly if their condition is well-managed through diet, exercise, or oral medications rather than insulin
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