Patients should check with multiple pharmacies, consult providers about alternative dosing options , or explore FDA-approved weight management programs
More targeted research is needed to establish direct mechanisms
Autoantibody production leads to the immune systems attack on intrinsic factor
[1] [4] According to its Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC), it works by mimicking the action of the naturally occurring hormone GLP-1, which stimulates insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner, suppresses glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, and reduces appetite
While these two classes of antihyperglycemic medications work through similar pathways, their efficacy and side effect profiles differ, due to differences in the pharmacodynamic effect of DPP-4 inhibitors and GLP-1RAs with respect to enhancing GLP-1 activity