Cardiovascular Outcomes# EXSCEL Trial (Exenatide)# The EXSCEL trial (Holman et al., NEJM 2017) enrolled 14,752 patients with type 2 diabetes (73.1% with prior cardiovascular disease) and followed them for a median of 3.2 years: Primary MACE endpoint : HR 0.91 (95% CI 0.83-1.00), p=0.06 for superiority Met non-inferiority but narrowly missed superiority (p=0.06) All-cause mortality was reduced by 14% (HR 0.86, p=0.016) in a secondary analysis EXSCEL confirmed cardiovascular safety but did not prove cardiovascular benefit -- a critical distinction
Nat Rev Nephrol 12(2):7381 Muskiet MHA, Tonneijck L, Smits MM, Kramer MHH, Heerspink HJL, van Raalte DH (2015) Pleiotropic effects of type 2 diabetes management strategies on renal risk factors
however, this has not been extensively studied
ROS-responsive hydrogels can preferentially remove excess reactive oxygen species, providing anti-inflammatory activity, limiting matrix degradation, and promoting chondrogenic differentiation
It helps the body by triggering insulin, reducing blood sugar, delaying the stomach from emptying, and telling the brain when youre full