It's a little helper ingredient coming from corn, rice or potato starch that can help to keep skin mat (absorbent), to stabilise emulsions , and to keep the product together (binding)
Acetyl L-carnitine and propionyl L-carnitine administered singly or separately together with sildenafil never showed statistically significant superior activity compared to the group treated with sildenafil alone
Fifteen percent experienced measurable B12 decline
Among selected metabolites, cytidine triphosphate (associated with pyrimidine metabolism), 11-ketoetiocholanolone (metabolite of cortisol/steroid hormone biosynthesis), saccharopine (metabolite of lysine), nervonic acid (precursor of myelinization), and erucic acid (inhibition of mitochondrial oxidation of other fatty acids, particularly in cardiac tissues), have emerged as promising candidates for differential diagnostics between T2DM and DCM
doi: 10.1038/s41569-018-0110-0 168