The system Xc, a dimer consisting of SLC7A11 and SLC3A2, exchanges glutamate (Glu) out of the cell and cystine into the cell at a ratio of 1:1 [27, 28]
In published preclinical research, BPC-157 has been administered at doses ranging from 6 to 50 micrograms per kilogram body weight in animal models, with most tissue-repair and gastric-protection protocols using 10 to 20 mcg/kg once or twice daily (PMID 21030672, PMID 32558293, PMID 38980576)
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No human studies have assessed chronic administration effects on brain structure, function, or neurotransmitter systems