It has been shown to influence the expression of genes involved in angiogenesis (e.g., egr-1), stabilize endothelial integrity, and facilitate the recruitment of fibroblasts to injury sites 4
If a claim implies systemic benefits, treat it as a higher-uncertainty category and prioritise evidence quality over confidence
MRI revealed symmetrical white matter lesions in the corticospinal tract (Wolters et al., 1982), while diffusion tensor imaging highlighted impaired white matter connectivity due to myelin damage rather than axonal injury (Bora et al., 2012)
In contrast, Semax and Selank act predominantly via BDNF upregulation, monoaminergic modulation, and GABAergic pathway regulation
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